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Invasion of commercial trees in Kodaikanal

To revert to the grasslands: foresters past and present failed to understand that these meadows in the high reaches of the hills were biological treasure-houses. Not only are they ecologically ancient habitats with a rich species diversity, but they provide important corridors for wildlife such as bison, elephant and tahr. As the grasslands go, the wild animals become isolated and are unable to rach food, water and other herbs, of the same species. This is the fate of all large animals in the country. But to many people, these wre vast wastelands which could be “put to use”. Thus started the invansion of exotic commercial trees in Kodaikanal, and it has entirely changed the ecological face of the Palanis. The early pioneers, Major Partridge, Sir Vere Levinge and others introduced and planted the first eucalyptus, wattle and pine. After World War II there was demand for quick-growing trees for paper pulp. At the same time, South Africa refused to export tannin to India’s rapidly expanding leather industry and wattle, a raw matrial for tannin, was planted over thousands of acres. It is these species that dominate the landscape of kodaikanal today.

The decimation of Kodaikanal’s forests and wildlife has caused concern among conservationists. Shola forests are practically non-regenerating and cutting them down is like destroying a treasury of antiques. The Oakbu HUkks Conservation Council, the Anglade Institute, Development Alternatives and other organizations are working for the protection of the environment. This is not an esoteric issue butone that concerns and affects all of us. Forest destruction causes siltation of streams and soil erosion. This in turn results in the massive floods which have become a regular feature of the monsoons. The hill forests, our water storage tanks, drainage pipes and outlets, are our lifeline.

South India’s first wildlife magazine is now being published from kodai. It is well produced and full of interesting articles on wildlife. More information form George Roshan, Camp George, Observatory P.O., kodaikanal.